英语报告的格式及范文(精选10篇) 时间:2024-10-01 15:16:14 由 分享 复制全文 下载本文 2024-10-01 15:16:14 复制全文 下载全文 英语报告的格式及范文Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health。Introduction。Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to connect with friends, share photos and videos, and stay informed about current events. While social media has many benefits, including the ability to stay in touch with loved ones and access information quickly, there is growing concern about its impact on mental health. This report will explore the potential negative effects of social media on mental health and discuss ways to mitigate these effects. The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health。One of the most significant concerns about social media is its potential to contribute to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Many people use social media to present an idealized version of their lives, sharing carefully curated photos and posts that may not accurately reflect their true experiences. This can lead to feelings of envy and comparison among users, as they may feel that their own lives do not measure up to the seemingly perfect lives of others. Research has shown that excessive use of social media is associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety, particularly among young people who are more susceptible to these negative effects. In addition to feelings of inadequacy, social media can also contribute to a sense of isolation and loneliness. While social media provides a platform for connecting with others, it can also lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions and meaningful relationships. Many people spend hours scrolling through their social media feeds, rather than engaging in real-life social activities, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection from others. Furthermore, social media can also have a negative impact on sleep patterns and overall well-being. The blue light emitted by screens can disrupt the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, leading to difficulty falling asleep and poor quality sleep. Additionally, the constant stream of information and notifications on social media can be overwhelming and stressful, leading to increased levels of anxiety and difficulty in focusing on other tasks. Mitigating the Negative Effects of Social Media。While social media can have negative effects on mental health, there are steps that individuals can take to mitigate these effects and use social media in a healthier way. One important strategy is to limit the amount of time spent on social media each day. Setting boundaries for social media use can help individuals to reduce feelings of comparison and envy, as well as decrease the negative impact on sleep and overall well-being. Another important strategy is to curate social media feeds to include content that is positive and uplifting. Unfollowing accounts that promote unrealistic standards of beauty or success can help to reduce feelings of inadequacy and improve overall mental well-being. Additionally, engaging in real-life social activities and spending time with loved ones can help to counteract the feelings of isolation and loneliness that can result from excessive social media use. Conclusion。In conclusion, while social media has many benefits, including the ability to connect with others and access information quickly, it also has the potential to negatively impact mental health. The feelings of inadequacy, isolation, and poor sleep quality that can result from excessive social media use are concerning, particularly among young people. However, by setting boundaries for social media use and curating feeds to include positive content, individuals can mitigate these negative effects and use social media in a healthier way. It is important for individuals to be mindful of their social media use and prioritize their mental well-being in order to maintain a healthy relationship with social media.英文报告格式篇一:英语读书报告大全大学英语读书报告格式(内含《简爱》的读书笔记) reading report 篇二:英语读书报告英语读书报告there is no standard form for a book report. however, every book report should contain the following four parts: 1. identification. give the title and author’s name. if the book is one with which your readers may not be familiar, identify it further. give the name of the publisher, the place and year of publication, the price, and the number of pages. later to relocate quotations or other information. 4. evaluation. your opinion is the most important part of the report. it may be either your immediate reaction to the book or a judgment based on further study. in either case, your opinion impression of the material after you have finished the book. writing book reports can be a valuable exercise in clear thinking and precise writing. it also gives you the opportunity to improve your writing and to develop a style of your own. *** 题目统一为: a book report of thirty-nine steps 内容的四个部分可以成四个段落写,不能出现1,2,3,4字样;英文中没有书名号, 每个词用大写就可以或再加上下划线表示,不用引号; 省略号为三点;常见的表达法:简写simplified version/abbreviated version 故事大意如下the gist of the story is as follows 主人公 leading role/leading character/hero/heroine 以??为背景 it is set on the eve of?/it is set on the background that? sample 1 a book report of the black tulip by li minli, class 5, 2005the black tulip is a novel written by alexandre dumas pere, simplified by micle wester, and was published by shanghai translation press in story is set in the 17th century in holland when fierce political conflicts prevailed while the society this story, cornelius van baerle being so crazy about tulips tries to grow a black tulip without any other color on it at all in order to gain quite a substantial sum of money offered to the winner. however, boxtel, a man living in the next door, also has a crush on the money. he then supervises every movement of cornelius secretly for fear that cornelius may grow better tulips than his own. besides this, he also carries out many surreptitious activities to destroy cornelius’tulips by all means. once a while, he accuses cornelius of harbouring letters that might be harmful to the government so that cornelius is sent to the prison without giving provocation. this nearly causes him to death. even here, cornelius manages to grow tulips with the help of rosa, the daughter of the prison-keeper. but unfortunately, their first black tulip is stolen by boxtel. it’s rosa who proves the truth and saves coenelius by herself! it’s a happy ending in this novel as it says “those who have suffered much, have a right to be happy.” this quotation brings the whole story to an end and will certainly motivate readers to go on. rosa herself will remain as quite a good example, too. besides, “justice could defeat evil however difficult it is and whatever the process would be” can be easily seen as the author’s deep philosophy towards life. by reading it, the reader can both enjoy the plots and be stimulated! sample 2 a book report of the black tulip by huang xin, talents class, 2006 i have recently read the simplified version of the black tulip published by shanghai translation press. this novel was written by the distinguished french writer alexandre dumas pere, the pioneer of the romanticism literature movement in france. he was so popular that his works had been translated into several languages this novel took 17th century dutch bourgeois revolutionary period of intense political struggle and the turbulent life as its background. dream and achieves happiness at through your own honest efforts. firstly, in order to obtain happiness, you should achieve your successful work, in order to achieve your successful work, you篇三:英文读书报告格式英文读书报告(book report)的格式1. introductory paragraphthe first sentence should state for which instructor and class the book-report is being second sentence should state the title of the book and the authors third sentence should tell how many pages the book has and the name of the publisher. the fourth sentence can state basic bibliographic information about the next sentence should state the reason(s) you decided to read this book. why did you choose this particular book? typical reasons might be:o you like the author. o it was on a required reading list. o you liked the optional sentence can be used if the cover (back cover) of the book gives you any additional information then add a sentence with that information. o was the book a best seller? o are there x million copies in print? o did it win any major awards? 2. main character(s) paragraph the first sentence of this paragraph should state who the main character or characters of the book are, and why they are important. refer to this person or these persons as the main character or main characters. 3. other characters paragraph most books have five or six prominent characters besides the main character, so simply listing each one and stating their role in the book will give you a good sized paragraph. 4. plot summary paragraphthis is perhaps the hardest paragraph to write in five sentences or so. if you have to write a bit more dont worry. here are the main points to cover:o state the type of book (mystery, western, etc.). o what place or country was the book set in? o what time period was the book set in? (19th century, the present, ancient rome, the 23rd century). o other physical locations which are important, like: ships, airplanes, houses, or buildings. o other notable attributes of the book. (was it violent, scary, fast paced, etc.). o what is the main character trying to do? o etc. make sure you cover all of the major parts of the plot. you might have to go back through the book, chapter by chapter, and make a few notes. 5. personal impressions and conclusion paragraph simply talk about what you liked or did not like about the book. use this paragraph as your conclusion. it should summarize your overall impressions of the book and bring the report to a close. o restate your reasons why you liked and/or disliked the book using different words. o write two sentences that talk about the books good points and weak points. o write a sentence or two about what you learned from the book. dont be afraid to give your own honest impressions of the book. after all, if youve read the book thoroughly, you are entitled to your own interpretation of , your book report should not exceed two double-spaced pages, and it should be somewhere between 600 and 800 words in report on robinson crusoe gone with the wind篇四:英文读书报告撰写格式英文读书报告撰写格式1.字体均为times new roman报告题目为3号黑体居中学生姓名、专业班级、学号、正文及参考文献均为小4号双倍行距2.打印纸张规格:用a4纸单面打印。3.报告第一页第一行应为:报告题目第二行靠右应为:学生姓名、专业班级、学号接下来是正文;参考文献在正文之后。4. 报告字数为1000---1500字。篇二:英文实验报告模板Determination of heavy metals in soil byatomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) Name: XuFei Group: The 3rd group Date: Sep. 20th 20XX Part 1 The introduction purposes (1)Learn how to operate the atomic absorption spectrometry; (2)Learn how to do the pretreatment of soil samples; (3)Get familiar with the application of atomic absorption spectrometry. principles Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is a technique for measuring quantities of chemical elements present in environmental samples by measuring the absorbed radiation by the chemical element of interest. This is done by reading the spectra produced when the sample is excited by radiation. The atoms absorb ultraviolet or visible light and make transitions to higher energy levels . Atomic absorption methods measure the amount of energy in the form of photons of light that are absorbed by the sample. A detector measures the wavelengths of light transmitted by the sample, and pares them to the wavelengths which originally passed through the sample. A signal processor then integrates the changes in wavelength absorbed, which appear in the readout as peaks of energy absorption at discrete wavelengths. The energy required for an electron to leave an atom is known as ionization energy and is specific to each chemical element. When an electron moves from one energy level to another within the atom, a photon is emitted with energy E. Atoms of an element emit a characteristic spectral line. Every atom has its own distinct pattern of wavelengths at which it will absorb energy, due to the unique configuration of electrons in its outer shell. This enables the qualitative analysis of a sample. The concentration is calculated based on the Beer-Lambert law. Absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte absorbed for the existing set of conditions. The concentration is usually determined from a calibration curve, obtained using standards of known concentration. Calibration Curve Method: Prepare standard solutions of at least three different concentrations, measure the absorbance of these standard solutions, and prepare a calibration curve from the values obtained. Then measure the absorbance of the test solution adjusted in concentration to a measurable range, and determine the concentration of the element from the calibration curve. Part 2 The materials and apparatus Atomic absorption spectrometry; Cu hollow cathode lamp; AC voltage stabilizer; oil-free gas pressor; acetylene cylinder; oscillator; sample boat; Erlenmeyer flask with stopper (100 ml); beaker; graduate cylinder; pipette. Part 3 The procedure operating procedure for AAS (1) inspect major ponents to ensure operating normal. (2) Install required hollow cathode lamp. Select “T” before turning to the power and hollow cathode lamp. Then select appropriate la mp current and preheat for 30min. (3) Make sure electrical meter to point to zero and then turn on high-voltage power. (4) Select appropriate slit width. (5) Rotate monochromator and select required wavelength. If the power meter is too high or low, adjust negative high voltage until the meter reads full scale. (6) Adjust light point and wavelength so that the meter represents the maximum value. (7) Turn on air pressor and acetylene gas and ignite flame. Adjust the flame appropriately and preheat the burner. (8) Inject distilled water into the flame and continue to preheat the burner. Inject distilled water into the flame after each sample. (9) Select “E”, inject blank solution into the flame and adjust the meter to zero. (10) Optimize analysis conditions and measure standard solution and samples. (11) After pletion of measurement, turn off acetylene gas valve and then air pressor, cut off gas supply a moment later. (12) Select “T” before turning off high voltage power, decrease lamp current and then turn off the lamp. At the same time, all buttons should be on original positions. (13) Check the equipment before leaving the laboratory. Determination of soil samples (1) Preparation of extracting solution ( mol/l EDTA solution) g of EDTA is dissolved with water in a beaker (500 ml). The PH is adjusted to using dilute ammonia. The mixture is transferred into a volumetric flask (1000ml), dilute to the mark and mixed well. (2) Treatment of soil samples g of air-dried soil (60- 100 mesh) is put into an Erlenmeyer flask with stopper (100 ml). ml of EDTA solution is added. The mixture is shaken for 1h and then filtered. The filtrate is preserved for analysis. (3) Preparation of Cu standard stock solution g of Cu is dissolved in 15 ml of (1:1) nitric acid solution. The mixture is transferred into a volumetric flask (1000 ml) and diluted to the mark with re-distilled water. The concentration of the stock standard solution is 100g/ml. (The concentration should be calculated according to the mass of Cu).The working Cu standard solution (10μg/ml) is obtained by diluting 10 ml of Cu standard stock solution to 100 ml with re-distilled water. (4) Plotting of the standard curve 0 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, 4 ml and 5 ml of Cu standard solution (10μg/ml) are added respectively to 6 volumetric flask (10 ml) with 1 ml of 5 mol/l hydrochloric acid. The mixture is diluted with re-distilled water and mixed well to give 0μg/ml, μg/ml,μg/ml, μg/ml, μg/ml, μg/ml of Cu, respectively. The absorbance is measured at wavelengths of 3247 ?. The standard curve is constructed by plotting absorbance vs. concentration. (5) Determination of samples The sample solution is analyzed using the same procedure and conditions as for the standard curve. The concentration of Cu is obtained from the standard curve based on the absorbance. Part 4 The results The raw data AAS standard curve Calculation The absorbance of sample is According to the formula above :y=+,R2= The concentration of Cu in the sample is:/L. Part 5 Discussion In this experiment, we use the AAS to determine Cu in soil. I learn how to operate the AAS and the limitation. In the experimental process, standard solution was prepared in strict accordance with the experimental requirements and I learn how to deal with the data. Finally we get the standard curve, then, the sample concentration is calculated according to the absorbance of the sample. In the experiment we have nine members in our group, so we can do our best in every work we need to do. For my work, I am responsible for the preparation of solution and titration. What’s more, I learn how to use and operate the AAS on the puter later. Ultimately, we get the linear formula is y = + and R2= From According to the formula and the absorbance of Cu in the sample is , we draw the concentration of Cu in the sample is μg/ml. We have known that the concentration of test sample measured by instrument is /L. We can say our result of experiment is so very accurate from the standard curve of Cu and the value of R(R2=). The accurate data is due to the efforts of we everyone. Thanks for every members of our group. I have some suggestions for our experiments. Firstly when we’ll do an experiment, we must prepare our pre-lab by ourselves and translate it into Chinese .Only do like this, we can understand the experiment well. Secondly we should prefer to solute the problems in the experiment rather than ask for TA. Finally, everyone should understand his own task in the experiment. 篇三:英文读书报告撰写格式英文读书报告撰写格式1.字体均为Times New Roman 报告题目为3号黑体居中学生姓名、专业班级、学号、正文及参考文献均为小4号双倍行距2.打印纸张规格:用A4纸单面打印。3.报告第一页第一行应为:报告题目第二行靠右应为:学生姓名、专业班级、学号接下来是正文;参考文献在正文之后。4. 报告字数为1000---1500字。附:英文读书报告写作知识The Book report Book reports may be required by teachers who want to know whether their students have read the books assigned and how well they understand those books. If they are not required, students may as well write one or two for themselves, for writing book reports helps students to improve their reading prehension and their ability to analyze and evaluate books. Moreover, it is very good written practice. 1. Three Main Parts of a Book report Generally speaking, a book report consists of the following three main parts: ? Information about the author and his times ? A summary of the book ? Comments on it A description of the author’s times should be given together with a brief account of his life. It should include the circumstances that led to the writing of the book under discussion and the historical and social background related to the content of the book. To make these things clear, the writer perhaps needs to read some reference material, such as biographies of the author and histories of the period described in the book. 2. Writing of the Book Report 1) The summary of the book should be self-contained, clear, and easy to understand. Above all, it should be objective. 2) Comments on and criticisms of the book should not be mixed with the summary; they can be left to the third part. 3) The summary of a novel or a play is usually written in the present tense, while that of nonfiction, in the tense of the original work: for example, the past tense should be used for a history, and the present for a scientific work. 4) Comments on and evaluation of the book from the third and most important part of a book report. In this part the writer expresses his or her own views on the book, names its merits and demerits, and discusses its relevance to the present time. The discussion should center on the content of the book, but the author’s style and techniques of presentation, if interesting, can also be touched upon. 《英文报告格式》 REPORT ON L'ORÉAL GROUP1.Introduction This report focuses on a successful international company in China - the L'Oréal Group. The topics covered include “The basic information”, “Should the company use e-commerce as the main distribution channel?”and “Suggestions under the current macroeconomic situation in China”.2.The basic information Primarily, the form of L'Oréal Group is corporation. It operates in many countries in the world and has many successful subsidiaries. Two of the best known are Lancôme and The Body Shop. As a corporation the company has some distinct features. Firstly L'Oréal Group is a separate legal entity and secondly, the owners of L'Oréal Group are shareholders. Currently the major shareholders are the Bettencourt family, Nestlé, international institutional investors, French institutional investors, individual shareholders, treasury stock and employees. Together with other shareholders, they own the L'Oréal Group but have only limited liabilities. 1)Undesirable disadvantages As a corporation is that it pays income taxes twice. Firstly, the company is required to pay income tax for the company earnings. When it distributes dividends to its shareholders, the shareholders need to pay individual income taxes for the dividends. As a transnational corporation, the board of directors and officers comprise the management of L'Oréal Group. The top manager of L'Oréal is Jean-Paul Agon, who is the chairman and chief executive officer of the corporation. In terms of what products or services provided, L'Oréal is the world largest 精选cosmetics company concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfume and hair care as well as toxicology, tissue engineering, and biopharmaceutical research fields. Besides, the products it provides can be categorized as mass, professional, luxury and active cosmetics markets. Respectively, the mass cosmetics brands are L'Oréal Paris, Maybelline NY and Garnier. The professional are L'Oréal Professional, Kerastase and Matrix. The luxury brands are Lancôme, YSL, Giorgio Armani, Kiel’s, The Body Shop, and Shu Uemura. The active cosmetics brands are cosmeceuticals, such as Vichy, La Roche-posay, Skin Ceuticals, and INNEOV. Four major distribution channels2)Retailing, franchising and e-commerce. These distribution channels have their merits and shortcomings. First, retailing has small transaction size but high transaction frequency. Additionally, retail sale is largely influenced by consumer buying behaviors. Second, franchising has its own merits. The franchise owners can use franchising to make large-scale sale and achieve low-cost expansion, but franchise can only focus on one area, and can't be a strategic victory in every market. The third is e-commerce. The upside is that using e-commerce as a distribution channel is convenient, time saving and costs reducing. But on the other hand, for customers to buy products online, especially cosmetics, takes risk because they cannot check the quality of the products as they do in a physical store. 3)L'Oréal should use e-commerce As every distribution channel has its merits and demerits, it needs to be finding out if L'Oréal should use e-commerce as the main distribution channel. Electronic commerce makes it possible to sell commodities in a cheap, efficient, easy and global way. In accordance with the operation and saling situation of L'Oréal, e-commerce is an optimal distribution channel. For one thing, L'Oréal sells mass cosmetics brands products, the target customers of mass cosmetics products are ordinary or middle 精选class people, who are increasingly interested in buying online with the development and convenience of e-commerce. Consequently, using e-commerce as a main distribution channel meets the needs of these customers and is profitable. Nevertheless, as for the luxury and professional products, using e-commerce as its main distribution channel is not a good choice, because sales of luxury and professional products should provide extra service and customers will need other assurance for buying the products. Since the service system of e-commerce is not completely perfect to satisfy the need, not all the products and services of L'Oréal should use e-commerce as the main distribution channel. 3.Conclusion Although L'Oréal Group has been a great success story since 1909, improvements are still possible for L'Oréal Group to remain its profitability in China given the current macroeconomic situation. In China, the main economic indicators show that the Chinese economy is growing slower in recent years. However, the overall consumption growth is basically stable. Specifically, for the first 8 months of this year, the accumulative total retail sales grew by 10.3% and the national commodity online retail sales increased by 25.5%. It can be seen that the economy in China is still expanding. With people’s income increasing, consumers will continue to buy luxury products to improve their quality of life. So a great market exists for L'Oréal to sell its products in China. Although L'Oréal pays much attention to innovation and research to keep their products up to date, to sell their products successfully in China requires more attention to any other respects. Firstly, Chinese government is strict to standardize the cosmetics industry, and has intensified the quality supervision of the domestic cosmetic products. From this perspective, the quality of raw materials for the production of cosmetics must be up to the standard. To upgrade the package of the products to guarantee sealing and non-pollution is another way to achieve this objective. Secondly, from the perspective of economy, the cosmetics industry in China is 精选in the period of transition from growing to maturity with competition intensifying and market pressure increasing. To face this challenge, L'Oréal should make full use of online retailing in China as a sales strategy since the national commodity online retail sales in China increased by 25.5% this year. Thirdly, from the perspective of brand culture, once consumers have the identity of a brand, is not easy to change. That means brand culture will bring high profits. It can also play a role in hindering or reducing the competitors' entry into the market. But the band culture of L'Oréal products lacks of publicity activities in China. What is more, the relationship between all brands of L'Oréal is so not close enough, which leads to weak brand culture or whole sense of the company. So L'Oréal should promote their own brand culture, and base on the L'Oréal target market marketing environment to choose their representative spokesperson in China to help improve brand culture. Fourthly, to improve anti-counterfeiting technology to deal with the fake merchandise problem also counts in order to increase sales. The fake will give a bad reputation to the company products, as a result, will decrease the sales.关于英文报告格式英文来稿必须包括英文标题、英文作者名和单位名、英文摘要、英文关键词、中图分类号、正文、参考文献、中文标题、中文作者名和单位名、中文摘要、中文关键词等部分,并建议按此顺序书写。1. 文章标题英文标题一般在10个实词以内,最多不超过15个实词,避免使用非公知公用的缩略词、代号等。2. 作者简介作者真实姓名,作者单位全称、所在城市、邮编;如有多名作者,在每一作者姓名右上角依次标出与作者单位相对应的序号,如:CHUN Yu 1,DONG Xiao-xue2 。中国作者姓名用汉语拼音,姓前名后,姓氏全部字母大写,复姓应连写;名字首字母大写,双名中间加连字符。如:ZHANG Ying-hui。单位名的英译名应为完整的、正规的名称,一般不用缩写。于文章首页地脚处注明第一作者的姓名、出生年、性别、学历、E-mail信箱等。3. 论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表,请在篇首页地脚处注明。4. 摘要英文摘要一般为150-180个实词,中文摘要一般在300字以内,中英文摘要应基本一致。其内容应包括研究目的、方法、结果、结论等,禁用“本文”、“作者”、“This paper”等作主语。详见“科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求”。5. 关键词每篇文章可选3~8个能反映文章主要内容的单词、词组或术语。英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。6.中图分类号请查《中国图书馆分类法》。7. 正文正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页以内。内容力求有创新,论证严谨,语句通顺,文字精炼。8.文中正体、斜体、黑体字符的用法:⑴斜体。变量名称用斜体单字母表示;下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体;坐标轴和变量用斜体。⑵正体。下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体;单位、词头用正体,如nm,pF等;几个特殊常量用正体,如e,i,π等。⑶黑体。矩阵、矢量名称用黑体表示。9.图形要求图中所有线条、文字必须用黑色绘制;用线形或标识符区分;不得有背景;图中线条须清晰、均匀,刻度线向内侧画,并且间隔应均匀;图中坐标线粗磅,曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍;10.表格要求表格采用三线表,表头中使用物理量符号/单位,如下例:11.参考文献来稿引用他人观点与材料,须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后,文中须在引用处右上角加注“[序号]”。中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文,并在后面加注。引文作者姓名均为姓前名后,最多标3名,余下用“et al.”代表。著录格式为:您正浏览的文章由第一'整理; [连续出版物]主要作者.题名[J].刊名,年,卷:起止页码.[专著]主要作者.书名[M].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码.[译著]主要作者.书名[M].译者.出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码.[论文集]主要作者.题名[A].编者.论文集名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码.[会议论文]主要作者.题名[Z].会议名称,会议召开地,召开年.[学位论文]作者.题名[D].所在城市:保存单位,年份.[研究报告]主要作者.题名[R].报告代码及编号,年份.[报纸]作者名.文章名[N].报纸名,出版日期.[电子文献]作者.题名[EB/OL].XX………,发表或更新日期/引用日期.[专利]申请者.专利名[P].专利国名:专利号,发布日期.[技术标准]技术标准代号,技术标准名称[S].投稿模拟样本New Imaging Spectrometric Method for Rotary Object CHUN Yu 1,DONG Xiao-xue2 Abstract:A new technique for imaging spectrometer for rotary object based on xxputed-tomography is proposed. A discrete model of this imaging spectrometric system is established,which is accordant to actual measurements and convenient for xxputation. In xxputer simulations with this method,projections of the object are detected by CCD while the object is rotating,and the original spectral images are numerically reconstructed from them by using the algorithm of xxputed-tomography. Simulation results indicate that the principle of the method is correct and it performs well for both broadband and narrow-band spectral objects. Key words:aerodynamic characteristics; stealth characteristics; numerical calculation; polarization CLC number: 引言1 2 3 References:[1]Schölkopf B,Burges C J C,Smola A J. Advances in kernel methods –Support vector learning [M]。Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1999. [2]Hearst M A,Schölkopf B,Dumais S,et al. Trends and controversies –Support vector machines [J]。IEEE Intelligent Systems,1998,13:18-28.报告的格式范文【公文写作】报告格式、范文报告是向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出意见或者建议,答复上级机关的询问时使用的公文。一、报告的使用范围报告使用范围很广。按照上级部署或工作计划,每完成一项任务,一般都要向上级写报告,反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等,以取得上级领导部门的指导。报告,在已发布的党、人大、政府、军队的公文处理规范中,都规定了这个文种。其适用范围,大体上是一致的,但也有些区别。请看这四个大机关对报告下的定义:《中国共产党机关公文处理条例》(以下简称党的《条例》)中规定:报告,“用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议,答复上级机关的询问”。《人大机关公文处理办法(试行)》(以下简称人大《办法》)中规定:报告,“适用于报告工作、反映情况、提出建议或答复询问等”。《国家行政机关公文处理办法》(以下简称《办法》)中规定:报告,“适用于向上级机关汇报工作,反映情况,答复上级机关的询问”。《中国人民解放军公文处理条例》(以下简称军队《条例》)中规定:“向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况和意见建议,询问用“报告”。从以上定义可以发现,四大机关的报告,均是上行文。其中,党、人大、军队三家的报告,都规定了四项用途,包括汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议、答复上级机关询问等。惟独政府的报告,只有三项用途,即汇报工作、反映情况、答复上级机关询问,而没有“提出建议”这个功能。实际上,在2000年发布的行政《办法》之前,也曾有“提出建议”的功能,只是在新的行政《办法》中取消了。承担这一功能新增加了文种:意见。因此,“意见”这个文种多了一个上行文的用途。(节选自《应用写作》2005年第11期《浅谈报告的适用范围和写作要求》)二、报告的特点1.内容的汇报性:一切报告都是下级向上级机关或业务主管部门汇报工作,让上级机关掌握基本情况并及时对自己的工作进行指导,所以,汇报性是“报告”的一个大特点。2.语言的陈述性:因为报告具有汇报性,是向上级讲述做了什么工作,或工作是怎样做的,有什么情况、经验、体会,存在什么问题,今后有什么打算,对领导有什么意见、建议,所以行文上一般都使用叙述方法,即陈述其事,而不是像请示那样采用祈使、请求等法。3.行文的单向性:报告时下级机关向上级机关行文,是为上级机关进行宏观领导提供依据, 一般不需要受文机关的批复, 属于单项行文. 4.成文的事后性:多数报告都是在事情做完或发生后, 向上级机关作出汇报, 是事后或事中行文. 5.双向的沟通性:报告虽不需批复,却是下级机关以此取得上级机关的支持指导的桥梁;同时上级机关也能通过报告获得信息, 了解下情, 报告成为上级机关决策指导和协调工作的依据. 三、类别及功用1.例行报告(日报、周报、旬报、月报、季报、年报等)。例行报告不能变成“例行公事”,而要随着工作的进展,反映新情况,新问题,写出新意。2.综合报告;全面汇报本机关工作情况,可以和总结工作、计划安排结合起来。要有分析,有综合,有新意,有重点。3.专题报告:指向上级反映本机关的某项工作、某个问题,某一方面的情况,要求上级对此有所了解的报告。所写的报告要迅速,及时,一事一报。呈报、呈转要分清写明。(如:薪酬调查报告)报告的格式和写法:标题,包括事由和公文名称。上款,收文机关或主管领导人。正文,结构与一般公文相同。从内容方面看,报情况的,应有情况、说明、结论三部分,其中情况不能省略;报意见的,应有依据、说明、设想三部分,其中以建设想不能省去。从形式上看,复杂一点的要分开头、主体、结尾。开头使用多的是导语式、提问式给个总概念或引起注意。主体可分部分家二级标题或分条加序码。结尾,可展望、预测,亦可省略,但结语不能省。打报告要注意做到:情况确凿,观点鲜明,想法明确,口吻得体,不要夹带请示事项。注意结语:呈转报告的要写上“以上报告如无不妥,请批转各地参照执行。”最后写明发文机关,日期。目前写报告容易出错的地方有两处:1. 结尾处有“特此报告”一类结语,由于词语既无实际意义,也无结构作用,应当去除。如果写成“以上报告当否,请指示”,就更错误,因为如上述,报告是无须上级回复处理的文种,所以,即使协商这句话也是白搭,上级不会答复你。2. 同理,报告后面加附注标明“联系人”和“联系电话”也属废话。再次,写报告要避免太长,一般应控制在3000字以内。报告范例】范文【公文写作】报告格式、范文报告是向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出意见或者建议,答复上级机关的询问时使用的公文。一、报告的使用范围报告使用范围很广。按照上级部署或工作计划,每完成一项任务,一般都要向上级写报告,反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等,以取得上级领导部门的指导。报告,在已发布的党、人大、政府、军队的公文处理规范中,都规定了这个文种。其适用范围,大体上是一致的,但也有些区别。请看这四个大机关对报告下的定义:《中国共产党机关公文处理条例》(以下简称党的《条例》)中规定:报告,“用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议,答复篇二:情况报告格式范文情况报告格式范文>情况报告格式>范文(一)报告的概念与适用范围报告是“适用于向上级机关汇报工作,反映情况,答复上级机关的询问”的上行文。其适用范围主要包括:(1)正常向上级机关汇报工作,使上级及时了解情况,指导工作。(2)工作中遇到特殊情况或重大问题,需及时报告上级。(3)完成上级布置的某项工作需要报告结果。(4)对上级询问或催办的事项作专门答复。(5)某些工作建议,需报上级机关批转其他平行机关或不相隶属机关共同执行。(6)向上级机关报送文件、递送材料时使用。(二)报告的种类1、按作用分有呈报性报告和呈转性报告。呈报性报告的主要内容是汇报工作、反映情况、提出意见和建议、答复询问等,不要求上级批复或批转;呈转性报告是针对工作中普遍存在的问题进行汇报并提出处理意见,向上级机关汇报并请求批转有关部门参照执行。2、按性质分有综合报告、专题报告。3、按内容分有工作报告、情况报告、建议报告、答复报告、报送报告等。(三)报告的写法1、标题由“发文机关(可省略)+事由+报告”组成。2、正文开头写明报告的目的或缘由,然后多用“现将有关情况报告如下”的过渡语引出下文。主体部分写明报告的具体内容,不同种类的报告正文的写法各有不同,如工作报告,一般写基本情况、主要成绩、经验教训、今后意见等;情况报告,要叙述情况、分析原因、提出对策;答复报告,围绕上级的询问问题来写;建议报告,就某个问题向上级提出处理意见和建议,并请求上级机关认可;报送报告,说明呈报的材料和文件即可。结尾通常使用“特此报告”、“请审核(审示、审阅、审查)”、“请查收”、“以上报告如无不当,请批转有关单位执行”等惯用语结束。(四)报告的写作要求1、实事求是报告的情况必须属实,有关材料应核实无误,不夸大,不缩小。2、及时报告向上级汇报工作,反映情况要及时,这样才能让上级机关迅速掌握情况,做出相应对策,否则,事过境迁,再向上级报告,不仅失去报告的意义,而且还可能贻误处理问题的最佳时机。3、突出皿点全面工作报告内容复杂,头绪较多,要明确中心,突出重点,点面结合,条理清楚,切忌面面俱到,写成流水账。要一事一报,不要在同一专题报告中反映几件各不相干的事项和问题。4、用准文种不能将报告写成请示,报告中不能夹带请示事项。不要将报告提出的建议或意见当作请示,要求上级指示或批准。(五)报告与请示的区别“报告”和“请示”都是下级机关向上级机关呈报的公文,是为数不多的上行文文种,它们的区别在于:1、性质报告是陈述性公文;请示是呈批性公文。2、行文目的报告的目的在于汇报工作,反映情况,提出意见和建议,回答上级机关询问,以便上级机关了解本单位情况,从而有针对性地给予指导;而请示的目的,是为解决某一问题、请示某一事项,请求上级机关做出指示或予以批准。3、行文时间报告是在工作结束后或工作正在进行中行文。而请示则必须在事前行文,得到上级机关批准或指示方可行动,不能先斩后奏。4、主送机关报告的目的在于为上级机关提供信息,不是为了让其批复,因而允许多头主送。而请示是为向上级机关请求批示或批准的,只能写一个主送机关,不允许多头请示。5、事项的多少报告的事项可以是一件,如专题报告;也可以是多件,如综合报告。而请示的内容必须遵循“一文一事”的原则。6、答复的形式报告不要求上级机关回复。而请示则要求上级机关及时批复,给予明确答复关于xx省鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”情况报告格式范文(一)分行党委:我行20**年度员工体检工作已结束,现将有关情况报告如下。一、参检人员情况本次体检统计应检人数为1,272人。其中,正式员工、劳务派遣员工、内退人员及临时工合计1,124人,我行雇佣的守押人员121人,新中物业人员27人。实际参检人员为1,246人,未检人员26人。其中,因怀孕或产假未检11人;因病未检5人;通知未到的内退人员10人。二、体检医院情况本次体检,**城区机构员工统一指定在市金普医院体检中心检查;**支行员工指定在**市中心医院检查;另有8人在**市中心医院体检中心检查。三、乙肝人员情况本次体检结果显示,全行共有45人患有乙型肝炎。其中,小三阳35人,大三阳10人。此外,有5人未进行肝功检查。乙肝人员数比上年增加7人。乙肝人员占实际参检人员总数的4%,与全国平均比率持平。具体人员名单详见附件。四、费用情况xx年年,分行拨入工会经费账户专项体检费用为719,926、16元。20**年和20**年全员体检结束后,该项费用剩余205,545、74元。本年度员工体检费用为222,470元,该项费用已不足支付,透支16,924、26元。预计员工接种乙肝疫苗费用为8,086、50元,实际透支额度为25,010、76元,应由职工福利费列支。五、后续工作情况1、体检医院介绍,乙型肝炎为通过体液传染的传染病,大、小三阳阶段,属传染开放期。我部拟将上述患有乙型肝炎人员名单送交分行综合管理部,由其制定分餐方案,通知全辖各食堂执行。方案制定后,我部负责向各单位一把手反馈所属乙肝人员情况,由其逐一通知员工本人,以维护员工的隐私权。2、对未患有乙型肝炎且体内未产生乙肝抗体的员工,我部负责与体检医院联系,为这部分员工接种乙肝疫苗。经统计,有157人乙肝抗体指标显示全阴,需接种3针疫苗。128人乙肝抗体指标显示弱阳,需接种1针疫苗。每针疫苗费用为13、50元,总费用为8,086、5元。我部拟从5月24日开始安排疫苗的接种工作。以上,是本年度员工体检工作的总体情况,特此报告。情况报告格式范文(二)王答村按照通知要求做好自查工作,成立了由村委主任任组长,支部书记任副组长,村理财小组成员为成员的领导小组,开展农村“三资”管理专项检查工作,落实农村>党风廉政建设任务,全面指导自查工作。根据自查内容总结汇报如下:1、制定出台了>财务管理制度,健全了财务审批制度,建立规范>会计档案,规范了我村财务管理、审批制度。3、实行“村账乡管”。村委会集体财务由乡经管站代理,使用农村集体财务管理部门统一印制的票据,实行票据领用核销制度。4、实行财务公开制度。坚持到每个季度公开一次财务,在醒目地方合理设置公开栏;建立了民主理财小组,民主理财小组对财务收支进行审核,充分发挥理财作用。5、实行会计人员及民主理财小组人员>培训制度。每年对会计人员及民主理财小组人员进行业务培训。6、实行审计监督制度。一是离任审计;二是对群众关心的热点和焦点问题进行了专项审计。7、土地承包经营权证文字档案安全完整。8、土地流转情况。实行规范化管理,坚持依法、自愿、有偿的原则,坚决制止村组织包办代替或截留流转收益现象。篇三:汇报材料的格式和字体汇报材料的格式和字体一、纸张印刷要求汇报材料统一用a4型纸张。要格式规范,布局合理,用字标准,字体字号得当,印刷清晰美观,装订整齐。二、内容格式要求1、标题要求居中排列,用2号宋体字加重标注。下列具体汇报时间,要求居中排列,用3号楷体字加括号标注,不加重。2、内容字体用3号仿宋体标注。其中一级标题用3号黑体字标注,不加重。二级标题用3号楷体字标注,不加重。3、结构层次序号。第一层为“一、”,第二层为“(一)”,第三层为“1、”,第四层为“(1)”。三、页面设置要求1、用word排版,上30㎜,下25㎜,左25㎜,右22㎜。页眉:1.5cm,页脚:1.75cm。2、行间距。主标题和汇报时间之间的行间距设为45磅。汇报时间下空1行为汇报内容。汇报内容行间距设为固定值25磅。具体操作为:将拟调整部分刷黑,点“格式”,点“段落”,点行距寻固定值”,寻设置值”45或25磅。3、页码设为:“-1-”…..,靠下居中排列。篇四:工作汇报格式与范文工作汇报格式与范文教代会工会工作报告一、五届工会三年来的工作情况五届工委成立于xx年1月,在全体工会委员和会员的共同努力下,在上级工会领导的关心和校党政主要领导的支持下,工会为教工做了不少实事,为学校发展发挥了工会功能作用,具体工作有:引导教工理论学习,加强师德建设;开展丰富多彩的文体活动,增强教工主人翁意识;争取党政主要领导支持,主动谋化教工利益;维护教工的权益等方面,取得了一定成绩:(一)引导教工理论学习,加强师德建设在知识经济快速发展的时代,不断强化政治理论学习,是抵制物欲横流诱惑的法宝,是每位教职工与时俱进之需,是落实科学发展观之举。一个善于学会学习的人,是修心养性的人,是紧跟时代发展潮流的人,是最终不为社会所淘汰的人。因为,学习能提高自我、完善自我,能提高辨别是非的能力,更能提高抗拒诱惑力的能力。由此可见,学习是社会进步对每个人的基本要求。所以,学校五届工会成立以来,坚持不懈的引导教工进行政治理论学习,并在校务公开栏和校园网上公布了学习的主要内容:深入学习“xxxx”重要思想、中共xx届四中、五中全会精神、中共xx大会议和xx届四中全会精神;学习中国总工会xx大和xx大会议大精神、《教师法》、《公民道德实施纲要》等。通过学习,使广大教工的思想政治素质和业务理论水平得到较快提升,并在错综复杂的新形势下,能时刻保持清醒的头脑,为教育教学工作指明了方向,真正做到了依法治教、开拓创新和教书育人,为学校教育教学任务的顺利完成和质量的提高提供了强有力的保障。(二)开展丰富多彩的文体活动,增强教工主人翁意识在当时的高庙校区,针对我校偏离城区和以年青教师为主体的现状,校工会为丰富全体教工的业余生活,强健全体教工的体魄,调动广大教工工作的主动性,增强教工主人翁意识,能经常开展文体活动比赛,鼓励全体教工积极参与。除此之外,还积极参加了教育工会组织的“局长杯”和文体局组织的“市长杯”乒乓赛、教工篮球赛、炒地皮比赛等活动。到了原四中校区后,由于新校区正在建设中,受活动场地的限制,一年来,大规模的活动基本上没举办过(除几场篮球比赛外),主要以教师个人自主活动为主,如乒乓球、台球等。从下学期开始,学校工会将充分发挥现有体育设施的功能作用,开展形式多样的文体活动,确保教工的业余生活丰富多彩。通过这些活动的开展,其宗旨是增强全体教工的参与意识和爱校的责任感,确保教工能以充沛的精力、饱满的热情投入到教育教学工作中去,确保我校成为名副其实的四星级中等职业学校。(三)争取党政主要领导支持,主动谋化教工利益工会工作要时刻关注教工的工作、生活和情感现状,在教工感到体面劳动快乐的同时,也要感受到组织的体贴和温暖,以此达到挖掘教工的潜能、释放教工的最大工作能量、优化教工的工作效能的目标。为实现这一目标,工会领导时刻都要关心教工的切身利益,并把他们的利益切实放在首位,因为学校的发展,不是少数人的行为,而是全体教工的群策群力、同心同德共同所为。也就是说,学校的主人是全体教工,离开了教工,学校难以快速发展、难以提升知名度,由此决定了教工在学校地位的不可动摇性。所以,校工会在继续履行维护教工合法权益的前提上,真正当好教工的贴心人,真正做好教工最现实、最关心、最直接的事,如,青年教师结婚,工会和行政能送去温馨而美好的祝贺;如有教工生病,工会领导能到医院或家中,及时送去“早日康复”的问候语,使病中的教工感觉到组织的温暖和关怀;每逢节假日,工会领导能主动争取党政主要领导的大力支持,共同协商、解决教工福利问题,在这方面,基本上形成了一个完整的工作链接:工会领导主动争取、党政主要领导大力支持、教工满意。学校工会的积极作为和行政的支持,解除了教工的后顾之忧,提高了教工的幸福指数,激发了教工的工作热情,使全体教工能把充沛的精力投入到教育教学中去,确保了教育教学质量的不断提高,更为学校四星创建的成功提供了强大动力和保障。尤其是经全体教工的共同努力,把我校精心打造成为句容职业教育战线上的航母,有望跻身为江苏职业教育的强校之列。(四)成绩与不足五届工会成立三年来,取得了以下成绩:xx年:1.06、3获市教育工会“xx年度目标考核一等奖”;为庆祝“三八”妇女节,组织部分女教工去同里旅游或在市妇保所体检;2.06、4组织部分班主任去泰山、曲阜旅游;3.06、5 我校计算机工会小组获句容市总工会授予的“五一文明岗”光荣称号;4.xx年10月巫雯老师参加了教育工会组织的“我与我的学生”演讲比赛,获三等奖;篇五:个人工作报告格式范文个人工作报告格式范文范文一:2011学生会个人工作报告揭下xx年年的日历,翻开崭新的岁月,在展望未来,心潮澎湃的同时,也不忘回首过去的日子。沿着来时的脚印,回望往昔的点滴,我们将会吸取更多的经验,无论是失败或是成功,都给我们带来一笔宝贵的财富。携着这些财富,我们迈向未来的脚步将更加坚实。大一生活就要结束了,回首过去的一年大一生活一切仿佛还在眼前:从刚刚刚进校时的无比兴奋到初知学生会的向往,从初次参加学生会的面试的紧张到刚刚进入学生会文体部的激动,从第一次参加部门工作的彷徨到现在从事工作时的坦然,我就是这样一步一步的走过了我的大一文体部工作。时光荏苒,xx年-2010学年的工作已经结束了。回顾过去的一年,我们手牵手,坚持不懈的完成了工作,其中有欢乐、有无奈,可我们都在这段经历中学会了团结协作、责任与承担。经过这一年的工作,我对文体部已经有了深厚的感情!学生会是个大家庭,而我们文体部是这个大家庭不可缺少的一部分,因为我们文体部是一个特殊的部门,我们部门所负责的工作多样化,文艺和体育方面的活动都属于我们部门的工作。无论是学校运动会、元旦晚会、篮球赛等一些活动,前后我们要提前一个月左右的准备工作,因此我们部门的工作量很大,去做的时候都要尽心尽责,不得马虎,一点小的细节都不能发生,否则会影响整个工作的进程。进入文体部以来,无论是快乐,痛苦,成长,挫折,都让我收获很多。重要的是友情,工作的原因让我们成为好朋友,好兄弟。对于怎么评价一个人,我觉得自己没有资格去评价任何人,因为我知道自己是什么层次。对部长,我的内心只有一个字,就是---好!因为很多工作都是亲历亲为,对我们也很关心,教我们如何更好的与人相处,如何做人,做事,我从中学到了很多东西。不管怎么说都是我们的好部长,还有一点就是有些老实。过完这个炎热的暑假,我就是大二的学生了。前一段时间,大二的学长们因为快要实习了,不得不离开我们部门。开学回来,部长也要离开我们,真有些不舍,但人生的路漫长,在这我只能祝福你们,在以后的工作上顺利!本学期,在部长和各位同事的帮助下,我也顺利的完成了自己的工作。在五四评优中,获得了“院优秀学生干部”的荣誉称号。在此谢谢大家对我的支持,我会在以后的工作中更加努力,争取取得更大的成绩。戴智2010年6月27号范文二:个人述职述职报告的标题,常见的写法有以下三种:文种式标题,只写《个人述职报告》。公文式标题,姓名+时限+事由+文种名称,如《××19××至19××试聘期述职报告》、《20××年至20××年任商业局长职务的述职报告》。文章式标题用正题,或正副题配合,如《××年个人述职报告》、《思想政治工作要结合经济工作一起抓——××造纸厂厂长王××的述职报告》。个人述职报告抬头书面述职报告的抬头,写主送单位名称“如××党委”、“××组织部”或“××人事处”等。口述述职报告的抬头,写对听者的称谓如“各位代表”、“各位委员”、“各位同志”,或“各位领导,同志们”。个人述职报告正文个人述职报告的正文,由开头、主体、结尾三部分组成:开头,又叫引语,一般交代任职的自然情况,包括何时任何职,变动情况及背景;岗位职责和考核期内的目标任务情况及个人认识;对自己工作尽职的整体估价,确定述职范围和基调。这部分要写得简明扼要,给听者予一个大体印象。主体,是述职报告的中心内容,主要写实绩、做法、经验、体会或教训、问题,要强调写好以下几个方面:对党和国家的路线方针政策、法纪和指示的贯彻执行情况;对上级交办事项的完成情况;对分管工作任务完成的情况;在工作中出了哪些主意,采取了哪些措施,作出哪些决策,解决了哪些实际问题,纠正了哪些偏差,做了哪些实际工作,取得了哪些业绩;个人的思想作风、职业道德,廉洁从政和关心群众等情况;写出存在的主要问题,并分析问题产生的原因,提出今后改进的意见和措施。这部分,要写得具体、充实、有理有据、条理清楚。由于这部分内容涉及面广,量多,所以宜分条列项写出。“条”、“项”要注意内在逻辑关系安排好。结尾一般写结束语。用“以上报告,请审阅”、“以上报告,请审查”、“特此报告,请审查”、“以上报告,请领导、同志们批评指正”等作结。 报告的格式范文【公文写作】报告格式、范文报告是向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出意见或者建议,答复上级机关的询问时使用的公文。一、报告的使用范围报告使用范围很广。按照上级部署或工作计划,每完成一项任务,一般都要向上级写报告,反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等,以取得上级领导部门的指导。报告,在已发布的党、人大、政府、军队的公文处理规范中,都规定了这个文种。其适用范围,大体上是一致的,但也有些区别。请看这四个大机关对报告下的定义:《中国共产党机关公文处理条例》(以下简称党的《条例》)中规定:报告,“用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议,答复上级机关的询问”。《人大机关公文处理办法(试行)》(以下简称人大《办法》)中规定:报告,“适用于报告工作、反映情况、提出建议或答复询问等”。《国家行政机关公文处理办法》(以下简称《办法》)中规定:报告,“适用于向上级机关汇报工作,反映情况,答复上级机关的询问”。《中国人民解放军公文处理条例》(以下简称军队《条例》)中规定:“向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况和意见建议,询问用“报告”。从以上定义可以发现,四大机关的报告,均是上行文。其中,党、人大、军队三家的报告,都规定了四项用途,包括汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议、答复上级机关询问等。惟独政府的报告,只有三项用途,即汇报工作、反映情况、答复上级机关询问,而没有“提出建议”这个功能。实际上,在2000年发布的行政《办法》之前,也曾有“提出建议”的功能,只是在新的行政《办法》中取消了。承担这一功能新增加了文种:意见。因此,“意见”这个文种多了一个上行文的用途。(节选自《应用写作》2005年第11期《浅谈报告的适用范围和写作要求》)二、报告的特点1.内容的汇报性:一切报告都是下级向上级机关或业务主管部门汇报工作,让上级机关掌握基本情况并及时对自己的工作进行指导,所以,汇报性是“报告”的一个大特点。2.语言的陈述性:因为报告具有汇报性,是向上级讲述做了什么工作,或工作是怎样做的,有什么情况、经验、体会,存在什么问题,今后有什么打算,对领导有什么意见、建议,所以行文上一般都使用叙述方法,即陈述其事,而不是像请示那样采用祈使、请求等法。3.行文的单向性:报告时下级机关向上级机关行文,是为上级机关进行宏观领导提供依据, 一般不需要受文机关的批复, 属于单项行文.4.成文的事后性:多数报告都是在事情做完或发生后, 向上级机关作出汇报, 是事后或事中行文.5.双向的沟通性:报告虽不需批复,却是下级机关以此取得上级机关的支持指导的桥梁;同时上级机关也能通过报告获得信息, 了解下情, 报告成为上级机关决策指导和协调工作的依据.三、类别及功用1.例行报告(日报、周报、旬报、月报、季报、年报等)。例行报告不能变成“例行公事”,而要随着工作的进展,反映新情况,新问题,写出新意。2.综合报告;全面汇报本机关工作情况,可以和总结工作、计划安排结合起来。要有分析,有综合,有新意,有重点。3.专题报告:指向上级反映本机关的某项工作、某个问题,某一方面的情况,要求上级对此有所了解的报告。所写的报告要迅速,及时,一事一报。呈报、呈转要分清写明。(如:薪酬调查报告)报告的格式和写法:标题,包括事由和公文名称。上款,收文机关或主管领导人。正文,结构与一般公文相同。从内容方面看,报情况的,应有情况、说明、结论三部分,其中情况不能省略;报意见的,应有依据、说明、设想三部分,其中以建设想不能省去。从形式上看,复杂一点的要分开头、主体、结尾。开头使用多的是导语式、提问式给个总概念或引起注意。主体可分部分家二级标题或分条加序码。结尾,可展望、预测,亦可省略,但结语不能省。打报告要注意做到:情况确凿,观点鲜明,想法明确,口吻得体,不要夹带请示事项。注意结语:呈转报告的要写上“以上报告如无不妥,请批转各地参照执行。”最后写明发文机关,日期。目前写报告容易出错的地方有两处:1. 结尾处有“特此报告”一类结语,由于词语既无实际意义,也无结构作用,应当去除。如果写成“以上报告当否,请指示”,就更错误,因为如上述,报告是无须上级回复处理的文种,所以,即使协商这句话也是白搭,上级不会答复你。2. 同理,报告后面加附注标明“联系人”和“联系电话”也属废话。再次,写报告要避免太长,一般应控制在3000字以内。报告范例】范文【公文写作】报告格式、范文报告是向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出意见或者建议,答复上级机关的询问时使用的公文。一、报告的使用范围报告使用范围很广。按照上级部署或工作计划,每完成一项任务,一般都要向上级写报告,反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等,以取得上级领导部门的指导。报告,在已发布的党、人大、政府、军队的公文处理规范中,都规定了这个文种。其适用范围,大体上是一致的,但也有些区别。请看这四个大机关对报告下的定义:《中国共产党机关公文处理条例》(以下简称党的《条例》)中规定:报告,“用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议,答复上级机关的询问”。《人大机关公文处理办法(试行)》(以下简称人大《办法》)中规定:报告,“适用于报告工作、反映情况、提出建议或答复询问等”。《国家行政机关公文处理办法》(以下简称《办法》)中规定:报告,“适用于向上级机关汇报工作,反映情况,答复上级机关的询问”。《中国人民解放军公文处理条例》(以下简称军队《条例》)中规定:“向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况和意见建议,询问用“报告”。从以上定义可以发现,四大机关的报告,均是上行文。其中,党、人大、军队三家的报告,都规定了四项用途,包括汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议、答复上级机关询问等。惟独政府的报告,只有三项用途,即汇报工作、反映情况、答复上级机关询问,而没有“提出建议”这个功能。实际上,在2000年发布的行政《办法》之前,也曾有“提出建议”的功能,只是在新的行政《办法》中取消了。承担这一功能新增加了文种:意见。因此,“意见”这个文种多了一个上行文的用途。(节选自《应用写作》2005年第11期《浅谈报告的适用范围和写作要求》)二、报告的特点1.内容的汇报性:一切报告都是下级向上级机关或业务主管部门汇报工作,让上级机关掌握基本情况并及时对自己的工作进行指导,所以,汇报性是“报告”的一个大特点。2.语言的陈述性:因为报告具有汇报性,是向上级讲述做了什么工作,或工作是怎样做的,有什么情况、经验、体会,存在什么问题,今后有什么打算,对领导有什么意见、建议,所以行文上一般都使用叙述方法,即陈述其事,而不是像请示那样采用祈使、请求等法。3.行文的单向性:报告时下级机关向上级机关行文,是为上级机关进行宏观领导提供依据, 一般不需要受文机关的批复, 属于单项行文.4.成文的事后性:多数报告都是在事情做完或发生后, 向上级机关作出汇报, 是事后或事中行文.5.双向的沟通性:报告虽不需批复,却是下级机关以此取得上级机关的支持指导的桥梁;同时上级机关也能通过报告获得信息, 了解下情, 报告成为上级机关决策指导和协调工作的依据.三、类别及功用1.例行报告(日报、周报、旬报、月报、季报、年报等)。例行报告不能变成“例行公事”,而要随着工作的进展,反映新情况,新问题,写出新意。2.综合报告;全面汇报本机关工作情况,可以和总结工作、计划安排结合起来。要有分析,有综合,有新意,有重点。3.专题报告:指向上级反映本机关的某项工作、某个问题,某一方面的情况,要求上级对此有所了解的报告。所写的报告要迅速,及时,一事一报。呈报、呈转要分清写明。(如:薪酬调查报告)报告的格式和写法:标题,包括事由和公文名称。上款,收文机关或主管领导人。正文,结构与一般公文相同。从内容方面看,报情况的,应有情况、说明、结论三部分,其中情况不能省略;报意见的,应有依据、说明、设想三部分,其中以建设想不能省去。从形式上看,复杂一点的要分开头、主体、结尾。开头使用多的是导语式、提问式给个总概念或引起注意。主体可分部分家二级标题或分条加序码。结尾,可展望、预测,亦可省略,但结语不能省。打报告要注意做到:情况确凿,观点鲜明,想法明确,口吻得体,不要夹带请示事项。注意结语:呈转报告的要写上“以上报告如无不妥,请批转各地参照执行。”最后写明发文机关,日期。目前写报告容易出错的地方有两处:1. 结尾处有“特此报告”一类结语,由于词语既无实际意义,也无结构作用,应当去除。如果写成“以上报告当否,请指示”,就更错误,因为如上述,报告是无须上级回复处理的文种,所以,即使协商这句话也是白搭,上级不会答复你。2. 同理,报告后面加附注标明“联系人”和“联系电话”也属废话。再次,写报告要避免太长,一般应控制在3000字以内。报告范例】范文××市人民政府关于治理××河水质污染问题的报告××省人民政府:省政府转来××××××委员会提出的关于××河水质污染状况的报告,经市政府调查研究,对报告中提出的有关问题及解决方案报告如下:一、解决××河水质污染问题的关键是尽快建成污水处理厂。现在××河的污染主要是××区排放的污水所致。×区的排放量为2 5万吨,污水比较集中,因污水处理厂未能及时建立,致使污水直接排入××河,造成了××河的污染。为解决××河的污染,市政府已抓紧×区污水处理厂建设,争取在19××年建成。×区污水处理厂原设计概算为831 6万元,按现行价格估算约为1100万元,已于19××年×月开工,建成了8项附属设施,计完成投资200万元。市政府今年安排的300万元投资已全部落实,×区城环局正在组织实施。根据××河河道以南人口密集区的地下水污染和环境问题,在污水处理厂未建成之前,利用现有污水管道,把污水引到某区污水处理厂以西,污水直接排入污水处理厂的出口,这就避开了污染区。二、电热厂的粉煤灰也是污染源之一。对于电热厂储灰厂的选址,必须考虑到对地下水和环境的污染。选址已责成×区电热厂抓紧做工作,争取尽快报市政府有关部门审批。对南储灰厂渗漏对地下水的污染,主要采取截流集中排放的措施,以减少对地下水的污染。 ××市人民政府二×××年×月×日××市人民政府关于治理××河水质污染问题的报告××省人民政府:省政府转来××××××委员会提出的关于××河水质污染状况的报告,经市政府调查研究,对报告中提出的有关问题及解决方案报告如下:一、解决××河水质污染问题的关键是尽快建成污水处理厂。现在××河的污染主要是××区排放的污水所致。×区的排放量为2 5万吨,污水比较集中,因污水处理厂未能及时建立,致使污水直接排入××河,造成了××河的污染。为解决××河的污染,市政府已抓紧×区污水处理厂建设,争取在19××年建成。×区污水处理厂原设计概算为831 6万元,按现行价格估算约为1100万元,已于19××年×月开工,建成了8项附属设施,计完成投资200万元。市政府今年安排的300万元投资已全部落实,×区城环局正在组织实施。根据××河河道以南人口密集区的地下水污染和环境问题,在污水处理厂未建成之前,利用现有污水管道,把污水引到某区污水处理厂以西,污水直接排入污水处理厂的出口,这就避开了污染区。二、电热厂的粉煤灰也是污染源之一。对于电热厂储灰厂的选址,必须考虑到对地下水和环境的污染。选址已责成×区电热厂抓紧做工作,争取尽快报市政府有关部门审批。对南储灰厂渗漏对地下水的污染,主要采取截流集中排放的措施,以减少对地下水的污染。 ××市人民政府二×××年×月×日报告的格式及范文英文Report Format: Title: [Topic of the report] 1. Introduction - Background information - Objectives of the report 2. Methodology - Data collection methods - Analysis techniques 3. Findings - Presentation of results - Data interpretation 4. Discussion - Comparison with previous research - Implications of the findings 5. Conclusion - Summary of key points - Recommendations for future actions 6. References - Proper citation of sources Sample Report: Title: Impact of Technology on Workplace Productivity Introduction: Technology has become an integral part of modern workplaces, revolutionizing the way we work and communicate. This report aims to examine the impact of technology on workplace productivity and efficiency. Methodology: Data for this report was collected through surveys and interviews with employees from various industries. The information gathered was analyzed using statistical methods to identify trends and patterns. Findings: The findings reveal that the adoption of technology in the workplace has led to increased efficiency and productivity. Communication tools such as email and video conferencing have made collaboration easier, while automation has streamlined repetitive tasks. Discussion: These findings are consistent with previous research that highlights the positive effects of technology on workplace productivity. However, it is important to note that technology can also lead to distractions and information overload if not managed effectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, technology has significantly improved workplace productivity, but it is essential for organizations to implement proper strategies to harness its benefits. Recommendations include providing training for employees on new technologies and establishing clear guidelines for their use. References: - Smith, J. (2018). The Impact of Technology on Workplace Productivity. Journal of Business Technology, 23(2), 45-60. - Johnson, A. (2017). Maximizing the Benefits of Technology in the Workplace. Harvard Business Review, 15(4), 112-125. 总结:这份报告对技术对工作场所生产率的影响进行了深入分析,发现技术的应用可以显著提高工作效率。然而,必须注意到技术也可能带来分心和信息过载的问题,因此组织需要制定合适的策略来充分利用技术的益处。提供员工新技术培训和建立明确的使用指南是推荐的做法。 英文报告范文英语报告格式及内容写报告,第一点一定要说,报告里的都是FACTS,所以不能有任何个人观点,反问句,和缩写。比如people don not 一定不能写成people don't 每个小节都必须有TOPIC SENTENCE, SUPPORT SENTENSE, SUMMARY。一小节不能低于7句话。文章结构。第一个篇幅是介绍,简短,明了,幽默点也行,说清楚下面要谈论的是什么。第二第三第四篇幅,主要内容,规则不提,上面说清了。报告是关于电影的话,可以先说这部电影讲述了什么,然后写人们在看这部电影的时候是什么反映,票房什么的,都可以,绝对不能写“我是怎么想的”最后一节,总结,三句句子带过。报告结束。-w- 其实我也很讨厌写报告呢,但是发现论文更讨厌呢~ 商务英语报告各构成部分一般来说,商务英语报告的常见构成部分有:摘要(Executive Summary)、标题(Title)、导言(Introduction/ Terms of Reference)、材料收集方法(Methodology/Proceedings)、调查结果(Findings)、结论(Conclusions)、建议(Remendations)、附录(Appendices)等。以下就各个部分的内容及其写作方法分别讲解。(一)摘要(Executive Summary)一份正式且篇幅较长的报告通常在报告的前面加上摘要。摘要一般不超过一页,是报告的导言、调查结果、结论和建议的内容总结。这部分一般是在整篇报告写好以后再写。非正式或篇幅较短的报告则无需写报告摘要。写摘要时,应注意以下几点:尽量限制段落的数量,一般可用三段式:报告的目的、报告的调查结果和结论、报告的建议。摘要写作的时态用一般现在时,因为报告已经存在。报告摘要中无需引用具体数据。可用“by and large、the vast majority、only a few”等语言表达大概的数据或趋势。(二)标题(Title)报告的标题应尽可能概括报告的内容,因为它是整篇报告的信息浓缩,而且标题应该准确、客观,不应像报刊文章标题那样为了吸引读者的注意力而别出心裁。此外,标题应该是名词短语或动名词短语。(三)导言(Introduction/ Terms of Reference)在导言部分,扼要地说明一下报告的写作背景和主旨。此外,还应该注明报告提交给何人、何时提交的。如果是事件调查报告应首先说明事件的经过,包括事件发生的日期、时间、地点、情况叙述等。(四)材料收集方法(Methodology / Proceedings)报告的这部分应说明收集信息或资料的方法和步骤。在报告中注明提供这一信息可以增强报告的真实性和客观性,尤其是意见调查报告。当然并不是所有的报告都需要收集资料,因此,并非每一种报告都需要提供这部分内容。这部分内容在整篇报告所占篇幅较短,可以写成一个段落。(五)调查结果(Findings)报告的调查结果部分是报告建议的依据,其内容应当准确无误,结构清晰,语言流畅、衔接。这部分内容的每一个段落都应当有一个明确的主题句,一般放在段首,这样便于读者摄取这部分的信息。若报告中需提供图表统计数据或描述行情走势,撰写人应当熟悉这方面写作的常用句型(六)结论(Conclusions)报告的结论部分是写报告的人在报告调查结果的基础上对调查结果进行总结和解释。同一调查结果会因为撰写者的不同而得出不同的结论,但这部分不应当包括报告前文中没有提到的新的信息。(七)建议(Remendations)建议往往是许多商务报告写作的最重要部分。一份报告有效程度常常取决于报告中所提供的建议的质量高低。建议部分主要内容为报告撰写人在经过充分的论证后认为应当采取的措施或行动。报告人有时也会描述采取措施后可能出现的后果或情形。(八)附录(Appendices)正式的商务报告为了增强报告的说服力或真实性往往会有一些附加材料,因其篇幅较长不宜放在报告当中,只能选择放在附录中。这部分内容可能包括图表统计数据、实验室报告、问卷调查等。当然,简短报告若无此需要则不需增加附录部分首先第一个就概括当今社会的皮鞋酸奶的现象和人们的反应。第二个就讲以前的酸奶和现在的酸奶的比较,挖出造成这种现象的根源。第三个就讲解决的可持续道路。可从政治,道德和法制来谈。更多可是怎么让三个人都发言。时间还要限制在15分钟左右。老师讲report不能搞得像对话一样可是怎么让三个人都发言。时间还要限制在15分钟左右。老师讲report不能搞得像对话一样一个开场白介绍完现象之后,另一个就用PPT什么的数据表明,并总结原因,然后最后一个就讲解决方法,就合作的方式就可以了,以下由某某来介绍····,至于有什么方法解决呢,就有我来介绍吧···题目:A Book Report of 。。。写上书名书名用斜体格式:1.0 Introduction 介绍一下书的信息,比如大体内容,包括几章2.0 Content of Book 可以再分2.1 2.2 2.3等概括内容可以按章节写或是别的分类加一些自己的总结更好3.0 Conclusion 主要___ 【题型说明】调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深入细致的调查,对获得材料进行认真分析研究,发现本质特征和基本规律之后写成的书面报告。在英语书面表达训练中,我们经常会遇到这一类写作题,要求同学们根据调查结果,对某种现象进行分析并谈谈自己的看法,写一份调查报告。【策略指导与解题技巧】调查报告不是写日记,这个报告是写给别人看的。所以,同学们应该站在读者的角度去思考,如何把你所获得的信息表述清楚。你应该让读者明白你所做的调查工作是个什么样的工作,你为什么做这件事,你的结论是什么,你有什么样的感想。也就是说,写调查报告要写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论。一般而言,同学们在遇到这一类题目的时候要从以下几个方面进行分析和写作。首先,可以根据题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍,通常使用的时态是一般现在时。这类题目一般会给出一个图表,列举一些数据或是一些事实。我们首先要描述这个图表中的信息。常见的写作方法有:①按调查的先后顺序逐点写;②按事物发展的阶段来写;③将两种事物进行对比,以显示其是非、优劣,找出其差异来写;④按调查对象的特点分门别类来写。常用的句型有:Aording to a survey…I’ve made a survey and find that…A recent study shows that…As far as I know…Some…while some…其次,分析这些数据或事实反映出的问题。这部分不是调查报告的主体,通常用一两句话阐述就可以。但要做到“一针见血”,即观点提炼准确、鲜明。最后,通常在文章的最后一段是阐述作者个人的看法和建议。常用的句型有:I think…In my opinion…I hope…I advise that …give a report=make a report 模板,内容仅供参 复制全文下载全文 复制全文下载全文